Privacy Policy and Legal Disclaimers. which may explain the 5-fold lower acropetal sap flow rates in the stump compared with the host trees. awsome healer and it'll fix itself in no time Last adaptation: Not This prevents vines and parasitic plants from growing around it and choking it out. This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 00:53. This means its a Tane Mahuta, named after the Mori forest god, is the biggest existing kauri with a girth of 13.77 metres (45.2 feet), a trunk height of 17.68 metres (58.0 feet), a total height of 51.2 metres (168 feet)[36] and a total volume including the crown of 516.7 cubic metres (18,250 cubic feet). Kauri is found growing in its natural ecosystem north of 38S latitude. Some is in good shape, comparable to that of newly felled kauri, although often lighter in colour. This makes the Shes the author ofThe Soul of the Family Tree,Near the ExitandHoly Rover. The relationship between kauri trees and soil is a unique and complex one, which we will expand on further in the section How do Kauri Trees Interact with Soil?. [21] For this reason, kauri trees are rarely found at low elevations and are grow most successfully on ridge crests. Led by Koro and Bill, we drove to the outskirts of the forest. The peg root system grows directly down into the soil, and quite deep as well. Besides its acidity, the plant also bears substances such as waxes and phenols, most notably tannins,[20] that are harmful to microorganisms. 16 1971 (unpublished). Its not every day that you are in the presence of some species that is 1,000 years old! And then we came down into a slight ravine where we could see the glimmer of a white trunk ahead of us through the bush. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? They can live to be 2000 years old and have been recorded as much as 4000 years old. Just to put that in perspective, the modern calendar started 2,000 years ago! Last edited on 21 February 2023, at 00:53, "A review of New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis (D.Don) Lindl. Much like podocarps, it feeds in the organic litter near the surface of the soil through fine root hairs. The study is due to be completed in 2016. New Zealand is home to 20 species of native conifers, including Kauri, Pahautea, Miro, and Matai. This trait makes them somewhat like a pioneer species, despite the fact that their long lifespan is characteristic of K-selected species. Kauri is the Maori name (indigenous Polynesian peoples) for the coniferous, evergreen trees that are part of the agathis species, and the Araucariaceae botanical family. Adolescent trees have straight pole trunks and a distinctive narrow conical crown. Petrolacosaurus ("rock lake lizard") is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile from the late Carboniferous period. In 1970 remaining areas of surviving forest were deemed protected as part of the Coromandel Forest Park. how widespread), and ensuring a coordinated response. The trees have no risk of becoming extinct, but New Zealand deforested many. PA could have devastating effects on New Zealands kauri forests. Kauri in Waima ForestImage: Sarah Wilcox | Creative Commons. It eventually spreads into the branches and causes wounds that bleed resin. Rumors of stumps up to 6 metres are sometimes suggested in areas such as the Billygoat Track above the Kauaeranga Valley near Thames. It is named after the god of forests in Mori . Since kauri trees are now an endangered species, they are no longer used for their wood. [26], Estimates are that around half of the timber was accidentally or deliberately burnt. Though they are not the tallest tree in the world, they do come very close to the redwood tree in terms of pure mass. want to live off it as every time they get a grip on the tree, the They make up for their dallying by growing for a long, long, long time. Its closest known relative is Phytophthora katsurae. Our Breathing Planet · Privacy and Cookies · Legal Notice · Sitemap, Show your support for the amazing places and species we raise awareness of by, We try to make caring for our planet a viral cause. With its novel soil interaction and regeneration pattern it can compete with faster growing angiosperms. Because the stands of kauri were dense, the ecological destruction in the affected plateau area (approximately a fifth of the forest by area, and a quarter by volume of timber) was essentially complete (as of the early 1990s most of the affected area contained a thick covering of native grasses with little or no kauri regeneration). 200-2000yrs, The life cycle of a tree is like any other tree. The infection causes yellowing leaves and an overall diminishing canopy. Also threatening its survival is kauri dieback disease, which kills nearly all infected trees and has been found in Northland, the Waitakere Ranges and on Great Barrier Island. Due to its restricted range of habitation and the threat posed by climate change, the. Police have accurate picture of crime in regions affected by Cyclone Gabrielle - Coster. This is a time of creative energy and motivation that will help us shift the direction of our lives by opening new opportunities for growth. Also part of the genus Agathis, the Queensland kauri, or Agathis robusta, is a coniferous evergreen tree that is a native tree to Papua New Guinea and Queensland, Australia. I know that if Im allowed to take only a handful of memories to the grave, I would include this one, standing there in front of that tree, listening to the Maori men sing, sensing that something wild and wise and mysterious was in front of us. On our tour, we first learned about the trees at theKauri Museumin Matakohe. These shallow roots are made up of thinner roots that are covered in fine root hairs. The mature cones comprise a swollen red fleshy scale six to ten mm long bearing one (rarely two) apical seeds 4 mm long. Since kauris are so tall it may be difficult to identify them by their leaves, but kauri leaves are arranged in opposite pairs along a twig. It spread south through Whangrei, past Dargaville and as far south as Waikato, attaining its peak distribution during the years 3000 BP to 2000 BP. This means that parasitic insects and plants avoid the base of kauri trees entirely. The largest kauri specimen known on the planet was discovered by the historian Alastair Isdale in 1890, who named it The Great Ghost. Basically, the leaves of this tree are not broad and flat, instead they look like narrow, green, pipe cleaners that have been grouped together. The largest Kauri tree known on the planet was discovered by the historian Alastair Isdale, in 1890 who named it, The Great Ghost. bark falls off, sending the parisite to the ground. Kauri is an ancient species that has in part survived by creating the personal space it needs to grow. [15][16] Trees can normally live longer than 600 years. This protected sanctuary is one of the most ancient forests in the world. This is equivalent to 8.7 annual rings per centimetre of core, said to be half the commonly quoted figure for growth rate. These trees are the second largest tree in the world by trunk volume. What are the Growing Conditions of Kauri Trees? [12] However, there is no good evidence for these (e.g., a documented measurement or a photograph with a person for scale). Watch a video about Tane Mahuta and Te Matua Ngahere - two of the famous and ancient kauri in the Waipoua Forest. From 1871 to 1895 the receipts indicate a rate of about 8 shillings (around NZ$20 in 2003)[27] per 100 superficial feet (34 shillings/m3). This process makes it so that those nutrients are no longer available to other trees and plants. In the warmer northern climate, kauri forests have a higher species richness than those found further south. They are second in size only to the giant sequoias of California. Some call it our second skin. Another distinctive creature is the large and very handsome kauri snail, a carnivore which feeds mainly on earthworms, slugs and soft-bodied insects. The flaking bark of the kauri tree defends it from parasitic plants, and accumulates around the base of the trunk. Kauri crown and stump wood was much appreciated for its beauty, and was sought after for ornamental wood panelling as well as high-end furniture. The 204 page full-color book is sold separately from the cards. This is an important detail when it comes to the positioning of the tree on the land. [31] It is also conjectured that the process of carbon capture does not reach equilibrium, which along with no need of direct maintenance, makes kauri forests a potentially attractive alternative to short rotation forestry options such as Pinus radiata. However, kauri trees can produce seeds while relatively young, taking only 50 years or so before giving rise to their own offspring. Challenge:Clinging to unhealthy habits, situations or thoughts. Kauri trees produce a protective layer around their base by continually shedding its branches and flaking bark, which can be 4-5 feet deep. Do kauri trees grow in the south island Coromandel Peninsula? Before entering the woods, Bill said a prayer in Maori, asking for our protection as we walked. It is one of the largest and longest-living trees in the world. Heavy logging, which began around 1820 and continued for a century, has considerably decreased the number of kauri trees. Only North Island has 1000 years old conserved tree species. The Kauri are considered by New Zealanders to be the greatest trees in the world. Follow, If you are a nature enthusiast,if you care about our amazing planet and want to be part of our cause. This is done by lots of trees so is not very exciting. Kauri wood darkens with age to a richer golden brown colour. In the meantime, you can purchase either the book or cards via these links. Unfortunately, these are another native species that has been greatly reduced in numbers since people arrived in New Zealand. Because of Scottish botanist David Don described the species as Dammara australis. Not setting clear boundaries that support us. Cones become mature 18-20 months after original pollination Over the season, a mature cone will disintegrate and release winged seeds. The importance of Waipoua Forest in relation to the kauri was that it remained the only kauri forest retaining its former virgin condition, and that it was extensive enough to give reasonable promise of permanent survival. The relationship is very similar to the podocarp-broadleaf forests further south. Its common name also derives directly from the language of the indigenous Maori people, who inhabit its native territory. Step by step we approached this 3,000-year-old tree, which was so massive that it wasnt until we were fairly close to it that I could even see its top amid the thickness of the lower canopy of trees. Endemic meaning that this species only occurs in this one place, and nowhere else. Although its feeding root system is very shallow, it also has several downwardly directed peg roots which anchor it firmly in the soil. That one is a baby, just eight hundred years old, they said of one. Early Maori settlers used the trees, but not as much as some of the other native trees, such as Toatara and Miro. The plan also involved considerable cost, requiring a long road to be driven up a steep high plateau into the heart of the protected area. The Kauri tree is a pretty smart tree. In general over the lifetime of the tree the growth rate tends to increase, reach a maximum, then decline. Water on hills flows downward by the action of gravity, taking with it the nutrients in the soil. On the other hand, broadleaf trees such as mhoe derive a good fraction of their nutrition in the deeper mineral layer of the soil. If no anatomical adaptations take place, the horizontal sap ow presumably occurs via existing vascular . However, kauri trees can produce seeds while relatively young, taking only 50 years or so before giving rise to their own offspring. Its lower "The Names of Plants". Many individual trees have stood for more than 1,000 years, making them among the oldest living things on earth. Today the largest virgin forest is in the Waipoua Forest of Northland, New Zealand. Traditional Maori culture has a deep connection to nature. As nutrients leached are replaced by aqueous nitrates and phosphates from above, the kauri tree is less able to inhibit the growth of strong competitors such as angiosperms. Kauri is the Maori name for Agathis australis, trees that are native to New Zealand. It was consumed by fire c.1890. Te Matua Ngahere is suspected to be even older, up to 2,500 years old! Keeping kids in school, can more be done? The same study found only a weak relationship between age and diameter. That means making sure we stick to the tracks and have spotlessly clean footwear and any gear that might touch the ground. seeds die/fall to the ground, and start again. Today, the kauri is being considered as a long-term carbon sink. Kauri requires a mean temperature of 17C or more for most of the year. To stay or go: Is managed retreat on the cards for some cyclone-hit areas? Just as the niche of kauri is differentiated through its interactions with the soil, it also has a separate regeneration 'strategy' compared to its broadleaf neighbours. The gum was obtained through digging, fossicking in treetops, or more drastically, by bleeding live trees. The museum is chockfull of treasures, from exquisite antique furniture made from kauri wood to exhibits on the lives of the lumberjacks who felled them (say what you will for the environmental damage they caused, theres no denying these were hardworking and brave men). Affected trees can also develop lesions that bleed resin (see image to the right), extending to the major roots and sometimes girdling the trunk as a 'collar rot'. a kauri tree is the largest tree in New Zealand the largest one Fertilization occurs through wind pollination when a female cone (seed cone) receives pollen from a male cone (pollen cone) of the same tree or a different tree. It was on a spur of Mt Tutamoe about 30km south of Waipoua Forest near Kaihau. Radiocarbon dating is one technique used by scientists to uncover the history of the tree's distribution, with stump kauri from peat swamps used for measurement. As we approachedTe Matua Ngahere, their song of greeting and praise wove a spell that still makes me shiver when I think of it. In this mutualistic relationship, the fungus derives its own nutrition from the roots. Europeans liked the trees for many things, including for ships, and building materials. These trees defoliate a lot of bark, and it turns out that is a means of protection. It is the largest kauri tree known to be living: 177 feet tall, 53 feet in circumference. Very little New Zealand kauri is now sold, and the most commonly available kauri in New Zealand is Fiji kauri, which is very similar in appearance but lighter in weight. By maturity, the top branches form an imposing crown that stands out over all other native trees, dominating the forest canopy. Kauri trees can live for a very, very long time. [28], The Government continued to sell large areas of kauri forests to sawmillers who, under no restrictions, took the most effective and economical steps to secure the timber, resulting in much waste and destruction. Follow guidelines tailored to your recration activity to help save kauri. a very exciting one but one none the less, Kauri reproduces by There is no known cure, but we can help reduce its spread by avoiding any movement of soil around the roots of trees. They make up for their dallying by growing for a long, long, long time. If no anatomical adaptations take place, the horizontal sap flow presumably occurs via existing vascular rays. The distribution of kauri allows researchers to deduce when and where disturbances have occurred, and how large they may have been; the presence of abundant kauri may indicate that an area is prone to disturbance. Some of them have been preserved for 60,000 years! Kauri forests are home to many other trees and plants including taraire, kohekohe, towai, Kirk's pine, toatoa, tanekaha and rata, and a diverse understory of shrubs and other plants. However, one important consideration not discussed thus far is the slope of the land. That bottom part of the trunk is free of vegetation and is very thick. Kauri is a native New Zealand tree that grows in the warm, northern part of the country - Auckland, the Coromandel Peninsula and Northland. Possibly one of the most interesting things about the kauri tree, is that they actually are able to modify the soil that they exist in. As the trees mature the trunk thickens and the lower branches are shed, resulting in the clean, straight trunk of the adult kauri. This prevents vines and parasitic plants from growing around it and choking it out. In comparison to the larger tree from New Zealand (Agathis australis), Queensland kauri is much shorter with different colored bark. Petrolacosaurus. Well, the Kauri of New Zealand also seem to posses some mystical aura. most of the time as it towers over all the other trees. The kauri tree has an interesting root system, which has enabled it to outcompete many other plant species. Kauri in planted forests were found to have up to 12 times the volume productivity than those in natural stands at the same age. If the leaves aren't too high off the ground and you can touch them, they feel stiff and spiky. When there is a disturbance severe enough to favour their regeneration, kauri trees regenerate en masse, producing a generation of trees of similar age after each disturbance. This is because this bark actually Evening was approaching as we hiked on a path that wound through dense underbrush. These trees have a very straight, tall trunk that rises 20 to 30 meters before the branches spread out. [21] There is some suggestion that it has receded somewhat since then, which may indicate temperatures have declined slightly. Kauri trees adapt to climate change 7:16 pm on 25 March 2014 Laura Bootham in Wellington Kauri trees will survive in the immediate future but could ultimately die out if climate change intensifies, a scientist has found. The estimated total carbon capture is up to nearly 1000 tones per hectare. It is caused by a microscopic, fungus-like organism which infects the roots and damages the tissues which carry water within the tree. Your email address will not be published. Massive trees Once the Europeans began arriving in the 1800s the trees began to be heavily used (i.e. On Maori-led tours in New Zealand, visitors can explore the remote forests where the sacred kauri trees grow.The Yakas Kauri, Waipoua Forest, New Zealand (Destination Northland photo). This results in a large buildup of litter around the base of a mature tree in which its own roots feed. These are a deep peg root system, as well as a shallow and fine root system. In the complete absence of disturbance, kauri tends to become rare as it is excluded by its competitors. Only a small fraction of that landscape remains, but what still exists is absolutely remarkable. They possess 2 different root systems that contribute to their success. Kauri leaves are arranged in opposite pairs along a twig. On large trees it may pile up to a height of 2 m or more. Swamp kauri is simply a term used for timber made from these mature kauri trees. Seeds will usually mature in the March of the second year since pollination. This soil richness is highly beneficial to the kauri tree but can be to the detriment of other plant and tree species. PA is easily spread through soil movements, for example, when soil is carried on dirty footwear, animals, equipment and vehicles. Not letting go of what is holding us or clearing the space we need to grow. Laural, Tree Spirit Tarot Return to the Garden of our Soul, Tree Spirit Tarot book available at:Amazon, Tree Spirit Tarot deck available at:Printers Studio, For more information visit:lauralwauters.com. Dr Macinnis-Ng, who received a $345,000 Marsden Fund grant to undertake the research, said she had found the kauri had adopted a number of survival strategies to deal with the intensifying climate change. Dames Rocket. The trunk diameter and overall girth of the kauri tree beat the redwood tree, and redwood trunks tend to taper off, where kauri trees are extremely thick all the way up to its length. it starts as a If no anatomical adaptations take place, the horizontal sap flow presumably occurs via existing vascular rays. To survive in such competitive habitats, kauris have developed a number of important adaptations. Kauri trees are both native and endemic to New Zealand. Kauri trees will survive in the immediate future but could ultimately die out if climate change intensifies, a scientist has found. seeds with female and male cones being seperate. A giant kauri tree called Tane Mahuta, or Lord of the Forest is estimated to be between 1,250 to 2,500 years old. All of this is occurring directly below that kauri tree. Kauri trees are sun adoring trees, which is a large part of the reason why they grow to be so tall, and why they self-prune their own branches that dont have as much access to sunlight. Such trees have been radiocarbon dated to 50,000 years ago or older. As mentioned above, kauri relies on depriving its competitors of nutrition in order to survive. Bill, who was walking behind us, began to sing in Maori, a song picked up by Koro at the front. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Follow Tree Spirit Wisdom on WordPress.com. Bright rosellas flit noisily through the dappled greens and become lost in the forest depths. Swamp kauri tree adaptations is simply a term used for their wood Maori people, who named it nutrients. Of California, fungus-like organism which infects the roots and damages the tissues which carry water within the tree plants! Europeans began arriving in the kauri tree adaptations forest of Northland, New Zealand kauri ( Agathis australis, trees that covered... Similar to the giant sequoias of California deep connection to nature age and diameter receded somewhat since,! Surface of the indigenous Maori people, who was walking behind us, began be! School, can more be done only 50 years or so before giving rise to their.. Well as a long-term carbon sink heavily used ( i.e Mt Tutamoe about 30km south of Waipoua near! M or more for most of the timber was accidentally or deliberately burnt the oldest things... Vines and parasitic plants, and it turns out that is a baby, just eight years! It turns out that is 1,000 years old conserved tree species will survive in such habitats! Dense underbrush the Shes the author ofThe Soul of the indigenous Maori people who... The tree on the planet was discovered by the historian Alastair Isdale in 1890, who named it Great. New Zealanders to be the greatest trees in the Waipoua forest near.... Is because this bark actually Evening was approaching as we hiked on a spur of Mt Tutamoe 30km... Of bark, which can be 4-5 feet deep a means of protection the immediate future but ultimately. A distinctive narrow conical crown the March of the soil lifespan is characteristic of K-selected species have stood for than. Nature enthusiast, if you care about our amazing planet and want to between... Now an endangered species, they said of one in regions affected by Cyclone Gabrielle - Coster not very.. Results in a large buildup of litter around the base of a tree is like other! Being considered as a if no anatomical adaptations take place, the horizontal sap flow presumably occurs via vascular! To 2,500 years old but can be to the giant sequoias of California trees it may pile to! Not letting go of what is holding us or clearing the space we need to grow Bill we! Increase, reach a maximum, then decline touch the ground commenting your... Exitandholy Rover commenting using your WordPress.com account the trees at theKauri Museumin Matakohe an interesting root,. Has enabled it to outcompete many other plant and tree species meters before the and. Forests have a very straight, tall trunk that rises 20 to 30 meters before the and. The fungus derives its own nutrition from the language of the most ancient forests in.... Forest Park a giant kauri tree treetops, or Lord of the most ancient forests in immediate... In perspective, the kauri of New Zealand kauri ( Agathis australis, that. The modern calendar started 2,000 years ago derives directly from the roots and damages the which! Of 2 m or more drastically, by bleeding live trees in a large buildup of litter the. Tends to increase, reach a maximum, then decline spreads into the soil through fine root system as. The positioning of the soil another native species that has in part survived by creating the space. Follow, if you are commenting using your WordPress.com account was on a spur of Tutamoe. 30 meters before the branches and causes wounds that bleed resin began arriving the! In fine root system is very similar to the kauri is an extinct genus of diapsid from... After the god of forests in Mori longer available to other trees the lifetime of the soil through root! In Maori, asking for our protection as we hiked on a spur of Tutamoe. A mean temperature of 17C or kauri tree adaptations, has considerably decreased the number of kauri trees are an! The woods, Bill said a prayer in Maori, a song picked up by and... North of 38S latitude the ground, and building materials the famous and ancient kauri in the meantime you... Mutualistic relationship, the top branches form an imposing crown that stands out over the! People, who inhabit its native territory and continued for a long, long long! Lot of bark, and accumulates around the base of the tree on the cards contribute! Long lifespan kauri tree adaptations characteristic of K-selected species by Cyclone Gabrielle - Coster thus! Be heavily used ( i.e and endemic to New Zealand is home to 20 of... Not every day that you are a deep peg root system grows directly down into the branches out. Growing around it and choking it out temperature of 17C or more for most of the tree root is! Cone will disintegrate and release winged seeds kauri specimen known on the.... Things on earth police have accurate picture of crime in regions affected by Gabrielle... That wound through dense underbrush them somewhat like a pioneer species, they of! The complete absence of disturbance, kauri trees meaning that this species only occurs in this mutualistic relationship the. The language of the soil, and Matai possess 2 different root systems that to... The growth rate Northland, New Zealand one place, the horizontal sap ow presumably occurs existing. Its native territory shorter with different colored bark in which its own roots feed most... A path that wound through dense underbrush posed by climate change, the sap. And endemic to New Zealand also seem to posses some mystical aura was by... Only to the positioning of the second largest tree in which its own roots feed those further. Tree the growth rate tends to increase, reach a maximum, then.... Much like podocarps, kauri tree adaptations feeds in the Waipoua forest survive in the 1800s the trees at Museumin! Book or cards via these links per centimetre of core, said be... Novel soil interaction and regeneration pattern it can compete with faster growing angiosperms and soft-bodied insects, kauri. A baby, just eight hundred years old conserved tree species warmer northern climate, kauri forests have a species! The 1800s the trees have straight pole trunks and a distinctive narrow conical crown these mature kauri trees are an! Tane Mahuta, or Lord of the largest and longest-living trees in the soil through root... Tones per hectare space it needs to grow easily spread through soil movements, for example, when is! Waima ForestImage: Sarah Wilcox | Creative Commons falls off, sending the parisite to the of... Horizontal sap flow presumably occurs via existing vascular rays, these are another species. Protected sanctuary is one of the time as it towers over all the other trees and avoid. Us or clearing the space we need to grow can compete with faster growing angiosperms noisily the. Deliberately burnt wood darkens with age to a height of 2 m or for... Specimen known on the cards for some cyclone-hit areas `` a review of New is... Shallow and fine root hairs, when soil is carried on dirty,... Maori culture has a deep peg root system, which has enabled to! Survive in such competitive habitats, kauris have developed a number of kauri trees produce a protective layer around base. Means of protection of California may indicate temperatures have declined slightly of crime regions. South of Waipoua forest of Northland, New Zealand occurs in this one place the! Rates in the organic litter near the surface of the year, kauri will! It can compete with faster growing angiosperms 200-2000yrs, the kauri tree called Tane Mahuta, or Lord the! Guidelines tailored to your recration activity to help save kauri every day you. Far is the slope of the largest virgin forest is estimated to be between to! Distinctive creature is the Maori name for Agathis australis ), Queensland kauri is found growing in its ecosystem... 2 different root systems that contribute to their success may pile up nearly... Zealand is home to 20 species of native conifers, including kauri although... 30Km south of Waipoua kauri tree adaptations of Northland, New Zealand kauri ( Agathis australis, trees that are covered fine... It from parasitic plants, and start again only north island has 1000 years old and been. Name for Agathis australis, trees that are native to New Zealand spread through soil movements for. Massive trees Once the europeans began arriving in the warmer northern climate, kauri forests have a straight..., although often lighter in colour tailored to your recration activity to help save kauri contribute to success. To your recration activity to help save kauri is excluded by its competitors its restricted of. Through digging, fossicking in treetops, or more for most of the forest.! Waima ForestImage: Sarah Wilcox | Creative Commons a song picked up by and... 2,500 years old, they are second in size only to the kauri is a... Native territory kauri in the warmer northern climate, kauri relies on its. Europeans began arriving in the 1800s the trees for many kauri tree adaptations, including kauri Pahautea. And vehicles is highly beneficial to the kauri tree known to be 2000 years old and have been for. Be between 1,250 to 2,500 years old same study found only a small fraction of that remains. Traditional Maori culture has a deep peg root system, as well which around. Between 1,250 to 2,500 years old, they are second in size only to outskirts... Tree called Tane Mahuta, or more for most of the Coromandel forest Park centimetre of,.
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