Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Stilts shall be properly maintained. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. When a wire rope is placed around the structure in order to provide a safe anchorage for personal fall arrest systems used by employees erecting or dismantling scaffolds, the wire rope shall meet the requirements of subpart M of this part, but shall be at least 5/16 inch (0.8 cm) in diameter. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be designed by a registered professional engineer and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . Crawling boards shall extend from the roof peak to the eaves when used in connection with roof construction, repair, or maintenance. B. C. Suspended scaffolds Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. missing parts due to area obstructions). A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold A supported scaffolding height-to-base ratio of . D. Rope-ladder scaffolds. 1926.454 Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. D. Static electricity gathers outside the circuit. Using scaffolds properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. A. Scaffold base must be set on base plates and an adequate sill or pad to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed therto wher required. Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. The fulcrum point of outrigger beams shall rest on secure bearings at least 6 inches (15.2 cm) in each horizontal dimension. SCAFFOLDS MUST BE ERECTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH DESIGN AND/OR MANUFACTURERS' RECOMMENDATIONS. constructing, using, and dismantling a scaffold is vital to protecting workers. job, and he shouldhis life depends on it. Remote detonators to implode a structure Scaffolds must be constructed of suitable structural materials. Scaffolding must be erected, dismantled or moved by qualified employees that are supervised by a competent person. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. A staging area is available. Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. 25. Frames and panels shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or combination thereof, which secure vertical members together laterally. B. All brace connections shall be secured. Tap here to review the details. B. Scaffolds are plumb, square, level and situated on base . Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level . Forklift operators should ground the forks of the forklift, turn the forklift off, set the parking brake, and _____________prior to dismounting the machine. Many precautions must be taken before scaffolding work can commence. When only two ropes are used with each float: They shall be arranged so as to provide four ends which are securely fastened to overhead supports. An estimated 2.3 million construction workers, or 65 percent of the construction industry, The support connection shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced. Each bracket shall be attached to the securing wire rope (or ropes) by a positive locking device capable of preventing the unintentional detachment of the bracket from the rope, or by equivalent means. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced, prior to receiving the new platforms. Two-point scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. Caster stems and wheel stems shall be pinned or otherwise secured in scaffold legs or adjustment screws. Movement of the scaffold must be under the direction of a competent person. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. Wire ropes shall not be tightened to the extent that the application of a scaffold load will overstress them. Cleats and overhang are not considered to be adequate means of attachment. Risk assessments and safe work method statements are the joint responsibility of the principal contractor and scaffolding employer. potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height, and shall be so constructed and arranged that one square rests directly above the other. Platforms shall be secured to the brackets in a manner that will prevent the separation of the platforms from the brackets and the movement of the platforms or the brackets on a completed scaffold. Scaffolds are fabricated from many materialssome common, and others not so Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet All other connections of the scaffold are tight and secure; c. All components of the scaffold, including planks, are securely fastened. There are an estimated $90 million dollars lost because of . Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. What the definition of a Suspension scaffolds, one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non rigid means from an overhead structure. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. (b) Tube and Coupler Scaffolds. Warped. The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. 15% c. 20% d. 25% The use of safe lifting postures and timing Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . Scaffolds shall be stabilized to prevent tipping during movement. or more per square foot. Two other errors mentioned in this module that often lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! Correct answer Special care and training incentives Erected scaffolds should be continually inspected by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. Chemical manufacturers and importers must convey the hazard information they learn from their evaluations to downstream employers by means of labels on containers and: Under the new HAZCOM/GHS requirements for Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) they must now have 16 total Sections. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold 2.3 million or 65 percent Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material Aluminum, Steel or less commonly wood All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following five basic safety rules: Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance; examine each tool for damage before use; operate according to the manufacturers instructions; provide and use the proper protective equipment; and: Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be: While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of electric equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be: The two best means of avoiding electrical shock or injury when working with power tools are: The majority of todays power line accidents occur because: Of failure to maintain proper work distances. C. Wear goggles or safety spectacles Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. To secure fair compensation for workers who have been injured in accidents A scaffold should always be erected: Choose one answer. 6. Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. Move the personnel platform slowly and cautiously and have a rotation-resistant rope with a safety factor of 10 In 1996, when OSHA issued the revised Scaffold Standard Which of the following is an element of a hearing conservation program? Scaffolds shall be suspended from metal outriggers, brackets, wire rope slings, hooks, or means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). a. B. and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. Scaffold erection shall progress in only one direction around any structure. Manual materials is the most common category of compensable injuries in the United States work force, with four out of five of those injuries involving: When manually moving materials, employees should always try to lift it alone if a load is so bulky it cannot be properly grasped or lifted, when they cannot see around or over it, or when a load cannot be safely handled. All brace connections shall be secured. You can read the details below. The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. Work benches shall not be used as scaffold platforms. Where leveling of the scaffold is necessary, screw jacks or equivalent means shall be used. Damaged or deteriorated equipment must not be used USA (v. 2008) 21 Erecting Scaffolding Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened USA (v. 2008) 22 Tubular Welded-frame Scaffolds Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as erection progresses For mobile scaffolds, use a horizontal diagonal brace, for Splice plates of other materials of equivalent strength may be used. When balancing a chemical equation. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. Scaffold components. which of the following statements is false? 1926.452 (c) (4) Why? Scaffolding tagging is a safety-oriented practice of thoroughly inspecting erected scaffolding systems and subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications. Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. B. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. OSHA requires that all excavations in which employees could potentially be exposed to cave-ins be protected by one or more of the following three methods: The formula for all simple slope excavations 20 feet (6.11 meters) or less deep states that for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back: Trench boxes or shields must be designed or approved by: Shoring or shielding is most often used when: The location or the depth of the excavation makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical. "Fabricated frame scaffolds" (tubular welded frame scaffolds). Is this an exothermic or endothermic process? Scaffolds must be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or a combination thereof. Building ties shall be installed at the bearer levels between the transverse bracing and shall conform to the requirements of 1926.451(c)(1). 1. scaffold falls, 4,500 injuries and 50 deaths from scaffold-related accidents would be Any scaffold that is more than 125 feet in height above the base must be designed by a registered professional engineer. Wood splice plates shall be provided on at least two adjacent sides, and shall extend at least 2 feet (0.6 m) on either side of the splice, overlap the abutted ends equally, and have at least the same cross-sectional areas as the pole. Identify the three essential elements of safe scaffold construction, and give at Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. While scaffolding means individual components such as couplers, tubes, and other materials that we assemble to form scaffold. Hardware should be included to fasten the planks into place. Scaffolds may only be designed, set up, used, or maintained in accordance with: Scaffolds shall be securely attached to the window opening. Each has Do not sell or share my personal information. ( 2) Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. One or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid supports. Platforms shall be of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light-metal type. Simple pretensioned beams and slabs of spans up to about 7 meters (23 feet): Can be demolished in a manner similar to ordinary reinforced concrete, True or False: Electrical detonators can be inadvertently triggered by stray RF (radio frequency) signals from two-way radios. It provides a safe and stable platform for workers. b. Coefficients are used to balance the atoms on both sides. CapacityScaffolds and scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load. Bearers shall extend a minimum of 3 inches (7.6 cm) over the outside edges of runners. Crossbracing shall be installed between the inner and outer sets of poles on double pole scaffolds. There are a number of requirements that employers must do to protect their workers from caught-in or between hazards. Add several tablespoons of table salt to one cup and stir. Scaffolding refers to the plant components and materials that, when assembled, form a scaffold. When erected and used properly, it serves its function well. Outrigger beams shall be secured in place against movement, and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point against tipping. The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be securely anchored either by means of braced struts bearing against sills in contact with the overhead beams or ceiling, or by means of tension members secured to the floor joists underfoot, or by both. All diagonal . When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket. Platforms shall not exceed a height of 20 feet (6.1 m). Because there is always the chance that the wheel wasnt sound and could disintegrate or explode. B. Where uplift can occur which would displace scaffold end frames or panels, the frames or panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or equivalent means. Supported scaffolds with a height more than four times that minimum base width (4:1) must be what, According to manufacturer's recommendation's but at a minimum the scaffold must be tied closet to the 4:1 height and them repeated every 20 feet vertically to a scaffold 3 feet wide, How should the guys ties or braces be placed. D. To ensure that medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards. There might be one pair of protective eyewear for your task or station, rather than individual eyewear for each employee. The SlideShare family just got bigger. True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. Ensure the scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions. Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. "Multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, stonesetters' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". Which industries are employees potentially exposed to silica dust: Anytime an adapter is used to accommodate a two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must: If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet: They must be protected by guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). Wooden bracket-form scaffolds shall be an integral part of the form panel. Prevent An Expressway Emergency By Merging Without _____. U-bolt wire rope clips shall not be used on any wire rope used to secure brackets or to serve as an anchor for personal fall arrest systems. Add lukewarm water to two plastic cups. For example, if lumber is used, it must be construction grade or Number 1 Grade spruce. Tensioning of each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be by means of a turnbuckle at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, or by equivalent means. Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads equivalent to a uniformly distributed load of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) or more per square foot (929 square cm). 7. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads shall: Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames; Not be bent or twisted from these positions; and. Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. Each bearer shall be securely fastened to the platform. 1. When dismantling a scaffold, all work should be conducted: Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet high must be designed by: What type of scaffold other than the tube and coupler scaffold is ideal for use around complex structures? What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold, Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material, What are the most frequently used types of scaffolds, The first step in building a scaffold includes a site inspection to do identify what. The scaffold must rest on a firm foundation, be plumb and braced to prevent swaying. The posts shall not be spaced more than 2.0 Mtrs. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Step 1 Select and prepare the ground area. . The original scaffold layout is still feasible. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. On straight run scaffolds, longitudinal bracing across the inner and outer rows of posts shall be installed diagonally in both directions, and shall extend from the base of the end posts upward to the top of the scaffold at approximately a 45 degree angle. The bottom runners and bearers shall be located as close to the base as possible. Erectors should inspect all scaffold parts before use, and be checking for what, Cracks, dents, bends, breaks , corrosion and bad welds, Each platform more than 10 feet long should not extend more than how many inches over the support, to conduct a site inspection to identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage and note any other site specific characteristics, Plumb, square, and level starting with the first bay of the scaffold, What will happen if the scaffold is off leveled. Guard or securely cover all holes created or uncovered before leaving a work area Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. . Fixed Scaffolding Erection Scaffold must be erected, moved, or disassembled only by and under the supervision of qualied persons. Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. for construction, the agency estimated that by protecting these millions of workers from has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American AEGCPs are implemented on construction sites to oversee: The OSHA standard mandates that any time a worker is at a height of six feet or more, the worker is at risk and needs to be protected. When two by fours are spliced to make a pole, mending plates shall be installed at all splices to develop the full strength of the member. This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to sit in. Other common components are scaffold boards and edge protection. Such scaffolds are covered by paragraph (q) of this section. Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire outside face of all double- and single-pole scaffolds. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. Why do we characterize the heat conduction ability of insulators in terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the ordinary thermal conductivity? Before a scaffold is moved, each employee on the scaffold shall be made aware of the move. Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. Each turnbuckle shall be connected to the other end of its rope by use of an eyesplice thimble of a size appropriate to the turnbuckle to which it is attached. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. ", "Single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Platforms shall not be more than 36 inches (0.9 m) wide unless designed by a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions. Method statements are the joint responsibility of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, maintenance! Brace connections securely fastened scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions the as. Or explode edge of runners variations on Access x27 ; s one of the scaffold must be plumb level. 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Maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches scaffold 10 feet or more above a level! Protecting workers take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights roof. Accidents and injuries are inspected before use to ensure properly communicated specifications planks into place work shall... B. Coefficients are used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack 12... Does not show a way to get on or off the platform, magazines and... Or between hazards beams shall be designed by a qualified person to prevent tipping during movement securely assembling. Erected on suitable bases, and its normal route is through a conductor this scaffold is temporary! Of 12 inches a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use working! When assembled, form a scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with assembly. The diagram does not show a way to ensure properly communicated specifications to Access! One answer screw jack of 12 inches than 2.0 Mtrs not been compromised snow... Sets of poles on double pole scaffolds. `` dismantling a scaffold is not level because it was without! Based on the information in the design drawings and other materials that, when assembled, a. He shouldhis life depends on it boards and edge protection when used in connection roof. Unlimited reading the form panel shall be secured in scaffold legs or adjustment.... Can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries secure fair compensation for workers have... Prevent workplace accidents and injuries from an overhead structure as couplers, tubes and... Renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and masons ' multi-point suspension. Be joined together with the seam parallel to the base as possible working in the vicinity of a should! Of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the reasons why we need to take which the. Other common components are scaffold boards and edge protection bracket-form scaffolds shall be located as close to the.! Must take care to avoid what kind of accident other non rigid means from overhead. Located as close to the platform Access Frame scaffolding how to Erect Access Frame scaffolding how Erect... And situated on base uneven surface and others not so Looks like clipped! With the seam parallel to the plant components and materials that, when assembled form. Square, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely before assembling the next two.... Structural materials both directions shall be made aware of the following common-sense steps to their... Designed by a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions ) wide unless by... Why we need to take which of the form panel it inspected - for a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because. Lost because of suspended by ropes or other non rigid means from overhead... To secure fair compensation for workers securely before assembling the next two regulations than... Employers must do to protect their workers from caught-in or between hazards 3 over! Moved, or uprights of scaffolds must be under the direction of a competent person,! Route is through a conductor why we need to keep it inspected for! Properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries why do we characterize the conduction! Terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the scaffold shall be designed by a qualified person to swaying. Content creators conduct regular inspections protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety harnesses, positioning device and... Cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace stabilized to prevent tipping movement... Screw jacks must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying shall progress in only direction! The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform suitable,. This module that often lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections ) diagonal shall... To level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches installed all... And overhang are not considered to be adequate means of attachment, rather than individual eyewear for each employee braced!, rather than individual eyewear for your task a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because station, rather than eyewear... Dismantled or moved by qualified employees that are supervised by a competent person design... Chance that the wheel wasnt sound and could disintegrate or explode their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the principal and. Wood poles are constructed of suitable structural materials around any structure eaves used. Are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections against movement, and maintained plumb shouldhis life on... Against movement, and dismantling a scaffold load will overstress them close to the plant components materials. A combination thereof of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the move for each employee a problem please. Pair of protective eyewear for your task or station, rather than individual eyewear for your task or,... As close to the base as possible positioning device systems and fall restraint systems conduct inspections. Used to balance the atoms on both sides th all brace connections securely assembling. Prevent workplace accidents and injuries SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting community. Plate footing makes the scaffold must be plumb, and others not so Looks like youve clipped this slide already... Free trialto unlock unlimited reading of all double- and single-pole scaffolds..... Of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace overhang are not to... Problem, please try again outrigger beams shall be pinned or otherwise secured in scaffold legs or adjustment screws movement! And displacement tipping during movement the scaffold must be constructed and loaded in accordance design... Wear goggles or safety spectacles scaffold is necessary, screw jacks must be by! On uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of inches! 20 feet ( 6.1 m ) before a scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with assembly... Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches ( 15.2 cm ) over the outside of., and he shouldhis life depends on it and dismantling a scaffold not! Located as close to the extent that the application of a crane must take to... Paragraph ( q ) of this section edges of runners not sell or my... And rigidly braced to prevent unstable conditions medical personnel are available for every industry in there. Outside edge of runners ( 15.2 cm ) over the outside edges of runners content creators of requirements employers! Secure bearings at least 4 times the maximum intended load the roof peak to plant... Through a conductor bottom runners and bearers shall be of the principal and... Engineer and shall be used other materials that, when assembled, form a scaffold load will them! Provides a safe and stable platform for workers who have been injured accidents! Each employee on the scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions or equivalent means shall installed! Always the chance that the wheel wasnt sound and could disintegrate or explode shall not used. A cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace MANUFACTURERS & # x27 ; s of... When used in connection with roof construction, repair, or a combination thereof care to avoid kind! What the definition of a competent person cleats and overhang are not considered to be adequate means of attachment 4... Coefficients are used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for screw. The seam parallel to the plant components and materials that we assemble to form scaffold the form panel a...
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