WebWhen he was 13 years old, Molire was sent to the prestigious school Jesuits College of Clermont (now Lyce Louis-le-Grand) until 1641. In several of his plays, Molire depicted the physicians of his day as pompous individuals who speak (poor) Latin to impress others with false erudition, and know only clysters and bleedings as (ineffective) remedies. It was likely that he changed his name to spare his father the shame of having an actor in the family (actors, although no longer vilified by the state under Louis XIV, were still not allowed to be buried in sacred ground). Supporting [ edit] Baron a seventeen year old member of Molire's company. Poised between the two, theoretically above the fray, stood the King, Louis XIV. Many critics now are shifting their attention from the philosophical, religious and moral implications in his comedies to the study of his comic technique.[26]. Colinge an old actor, with Molire since the beginning. As soon as the King left Paris for a tour, Lamoignon and the archbishop banned the play. Thus began the decline. TitlesActor, playwright, director of Philippe, the Duke of Orlans Troupe from 1658 andthen director of the Kings Troupe from 1665. Author of. He is portrayed among other writers in The Blasphemers' Banquet (1989). [fn 6] Molire opened for a one-week run at the Mason Opera House on July 7, 1919. Supporting [ edit] Baron a seventeen year old member of Molire's company. The age of reason, 1660-1805, was a time to restore order while finding humor in those who stray away from order. Landolt describes how Molieres comedy, Le Tartuffe, which portrays religious hypocrisy, involved him in troubles with devout persons at Court and with his patron, Louis XIV. Molire, original name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, (baptized January 15, 1622, Paris, Francedied February 17, 1673, Paris), French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy. He appeared at the Louvre for the first time in 1658, performing The Doctor in Love for the young Louis XIV. It is said that soon thereafter Molire became angry with Racine when he was told that he had secretly presented his tragedy to the company of the Htel de Bourgogne as well. From the time of his return to Paris in 1658, all the reliable facts about Molires life have to do with his activity as author, actor, and manager. On September 1, 1715, four days before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of gangrene at Versailles. Copyright 2023 History Today Ltd. Company no. These ballets were a transitional form of dance performance between the court ballets of Louis XIV and the art of professional theatre which was developing in the advent of the use of the proscenium stage. At the same time, great changes were occurring in his private life. However, they made a crucial mistake by performing a tragedy instead of one of their popular comedies. He had extended the frontier of France in the north by annexing part of Flanders and in the east by seizing Lorraine and Franche-Comt. Amazon casse le prix de cet cran gaming incurv AOC ! In 1645 Molire was twice sent to prison for debts on the building and properties. King Louis XIIIs chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, maneuvered to weaken the power of the nobility and consolidate the kings absolute authority, justified by a George Dandin, ou Le mari confondu (The Confounded Husband) was little appreciated, but success returned with L'Avare (The Miser), now very well known. WebKing Louis XIV was an absolute monarch and was responsible for restoring order in society. This was the so-called Guerre comique (War of Comedy), in which the opposite side was taken by writers like Donneau de Vis, Edm Boursault, and Montfleury. It apparently was a success and secured the favour of the kings brother Philippe, duc dOrlans. Its theme of marital relationships dramatizes Molire's pessimistic views on the falsity inherent in human relationships. That year he joined with nine others to produce and play comedy as a company under the name of the Illustre-Thtre. [9], Molire was born in Paris shortly before his christening as Jean Poquelin on 15 January 1622. 20th-century scholars have carried on this interest in Molire and his plays and have continued to study a wide array of issues relating to this playwright. It took such modern actors as Louis Jouvet, Jean-Louis Barrault, Francis Huster, Michel Bouquet, and Denis Podalyds to present a new and exact sense of his dramatic genius. These entertainments led Jean-Baptiste Colbert to demand the arrest of Fouquet for wasting public money, and he was condemned to life imprisonment.[20]. He viewed French Protestants as potential rebels. Frances appearance and way of life were changed; the great towns underwent a metamorphosis, the landscape was altered, and monuments arose everywhere. Chteau de Versailles, Dist. Comedy had a long history before Molire, who employed most of its traditional forms, but he succeeded in inventing a new style that was based on a double vision of normal and abnormal seen in relation to each otherthe comedy of the true opposed to the specious, the intelligent seen alongside the pedantic. Estelle Winwood, Forrest Robinson, and Sidney Herbert were also reported in early February 1919 to have been signed by Henry Miller. Moeller's interpretation of this real-life figure is ahistorical. Franoise has invited both Molire and Armande to her apartments, unbeknownst to each other. Standard, 1800 x 1019px JPG, Size: 1.34 MB. Versailles was approximately the price of a modern airport; it was an object of universal admiration and enhanced French prestige. Though conventional thinkers, religious leaders and medical professionals in Molire's time criticised his work, their ideas did not really diminish his widespread success with the public. The King was enchanted, finding it all highly amusing; but, on the advice of the Archbishop of Paris, Mgr. Standard, 1800 x 1019px JPG, Size: 1.34 MB. It is difficult to know the extent of Philippes patronage, which lasted seven years, until the king himself took over the company known as Troupe du roi. No doubt the company gained a certain celebrity and prestige, invitations to great houses, and subsidies (usually unpaid) to actors, but not much more. He felt Henry Miller's acting was inconsistent and Estelle Winwood more satisfying to the eye than the ear. In his plays, the comic is based on a double vision that holds together opposing ideas, such as wisdom and folly or right and wrong. [9] A local critic thought it good that Moeller was willing to take a chance on a more serious work, though the first act was "sketchy", a mere prelude to the slender plot. Pourquoi Louis XIV s'est-il install Versailles ? Molire was forced to reach Paris in stages, staying outside for a few weeks in order to promote himself with society gentlemen and allow his reputation to feed in to Paris. He was the protector of writers, notably Molire and Jean Racine, whom he ordered to sing his praises, and he imposed his own visions of beauty and nature on artists. But it was a commercial flop, forcing Molire to immediately write Le mdecin malgr lui (The Doctor Despite Himself), a satire against the official sciences. In 1667 he invaded the Spanish Netherlands, which he regarded as his wifes inheritance, thus beginning a series of wars that lasted for a good part of his reign. This article is about the French playwright. Hartnoll, p. 554. Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molire finally emerged to win him On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. The Acadmie preached unity of time, action, and styles of verse. Hardouin de Perefixe, he refused to grant permission for a public performance. the semi-improvisatory style that in the 1750s writers started calling commedia dell'arte), Spanish, and French plays, all also drawing on classical models (e.g. It is testimony to the freshness of his vision that the greatest comic artists working centuries later in other media, such as Charlie Chaplin, have been compared to Molire. Molire's works were translated into English prose by John Ozell in 1714,[27] but the first complete version in English, by Baker and Miller in 1739, remained "influential" and was long reprinted. His absolute monarchy was one of the most successful during the Age of Absolution, having the longest rule of any monarch in Europe. (Two of the plays were in fact pirated.) The monarchy became increasingly isolated from the people and thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality. RMN / Christophe Fouin. The superstition that green brings bad luck to actors is said to originate from the colour of the clothing he was wearing at the time of his death. After his mother's death, he lived with his father above the Pavillon des Singes on the rue Saint-Honor, an affluent area of Paris. King Louis XIIIs chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, maneuvered to weaken the power of the nobility and consolidate the kings absolute authority, justified by a (2,827 1,600 pixels, file size: 1.52 MB, MIME type: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/, Fine Arts: PICTURES ON EXHIBITION IN NEW YORK. It caused the "conversion" of Donneau de Vis, who became fond of his theatre. Afterwards he collapsed again with another, larger haemorrhage before being taken home, where he died a few hours later, without receiving the last rites because two priests refused to visit him while a third arrived too late. At the time he was wrapped up with staging the first Theatre Guild productions. Who Said It? On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. [11] Darnton accorded acting honors to Blanche Bates' royal mistress, with nods to Alice Gale's La Forest and Sidney Herbert's La Fontaine. Romanticists admired his plays for the unconventional individualism they portrayed. Other playwrights and companies began to emulate his dramatic style in England and in France. The king had openly renounced pleasure, but the sacrifice was made easier for him by his new favourite, the very pious Mme de Maintenon. Molire died on 17 February 1673, following a performance of The Hypochondriac, in which he played the role of Argan. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. La protection du roi et son support financier permettent Molire de se consacrer pleinement l'criture et l'laboration de ses pices. In 1680 the marquise de Montespan, who had replaced Mme de La Vallire as Louiss mistress in 1667, was implicated in the Affair of the Poisons, a scandal in which a number of prominent people were accused of sorcery and murder. The number of theatregoers in 17th-century Paris was small, and the city already had two established theatres, so that a continued existence must have seemed impossible to a young company. Dans le cadre enchanteur des jardins de Versailles, l'auteur met en place tout un universunivers et captive le roi et sa cour par un spectacle visuel avec une porte symbolique. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Louis XIV, Molire Date 1862 date QS:P571,+1862-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 Medium oilon panel medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259 Molire's study in his theatre in the Palais-Royal; two hours later. His absolute monarchy was one of the most successful during the Age of Absolution, having the longest rule of any monarch in Europe. [13], Heywood Broun remarked that with Moeller's writing the "great comedian appears as a man practically devoid of humor", though he didn't regard this as a fault. Moliere was the alias of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, born in 1622 to a upholsterer who served the royal household. [22] Molire also collaborated with Jean-Baptiste Lully. Louis XIV est un fervent dfenseur des arts et du thtre. Please email digital@historytoday.com if you have any problems. Molire founded his own theatre company in his early 20s. Landolt | Published in History Today Volume 16 Issue 11 November 1966 Pr., 1995, p. 472. R.B. Few plays survive from this period. The King agreed and Molire's body was buried in the part of the cemetery reserved for unbaptised infants. Some French biographers have done their best to read his personal life into his works, but at the cost of misconstruing what might have happened as what did happen. ", a reference to the infant's large nose. Colbert also died, leaving the way free for the bellicose Louvois. La Forest a sixty-eight-year-old woman, cook and friend to Molire. Chapelle, La Fontaine, and La Forest lament Molire's downfall; his wife left him, the withdrawal of the king's favor means his audiences are now sparse and semi-hostile, and his health has deteriorated. The play shows a few scenes from the twilight of Molire, as he loses the favor of Louis XIV but retains his independence. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The long war that ensued ended in 1678, in the first treaty of Nijmegen with Louis triumphant. How did Molire begin his career in theatre? Molire suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, possibly contracted when he was imprisoned for debt as a young man. Molire created a new kind of comedy. The rationale was the looming, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Molire_(play)&oldid=1134908159, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Introduces the four leads and several other characters. His rapid success and persistence against opposition when he finally got back to Paris is inexplicable without these years of training. Max Size, 2827 x 1600px JPG, Size: 2.5 MB. A keen-eyed observer of his contemporaries and avid chronicler of all their ways and works, Molire was skilled in all aspects of drama, appealing to both the public and the Court. The Brooklyn Citizen also thought Bates' performance the best of the night. Standard, 1800 x 1019px JPG, Size: 1.34 MB. The path to fame opened for him on the afternoon of October 24, 1658, when, in the guardroom of the Louvre and on an improvised stage, the company presented Pierre Corneilles Nicomde before the king, Louis XIV, and followed it with what Molire described as one of those little entertainments which had won him some reputation with provincial audiences. In 1673, during a production of his final play, The Imaginary Invalid, Molire, who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, was seized by a coughing fit and a haemorrhage while playing the hypochondriac Argan. This friendship later ended when Armand, having contracted syphilis from a courtesan, turned toward religion and joined Molire's enemies in the Parti des Dvots and the Compagnie de Saint Sacrement. (The two companies performed in the theatre on different nights.) [18] Later Molire concentrated on writing musical comedies, in which the drama is interrupted by songs and/or dances, but for years the fundamentals of numerous comedy-traditions would remain strong, especially Italian (e.g. Today, Molires work is considered one of the highlights of world literature. Moliere was the alias of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, born in 1622 to a upholsterer who served the royal household. On September 1, 1715, four days before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of gangrene at Versailles. This fact was forgotten in the 19th century. This work too was quickly suspended. Louiss great fortune was in having among his subjects an extraordinary group of men in every area of activity. WebXIV (16381715) in 1658, it was Molire's comedy, Le Docteur amoureux , 1664 Molire was invited to perform Tartuffe ou l'Imposteur, an attack on religious hypocrisy, for Louis XIV at Versailles, France. His first two known plays date from this time: Ltourdi; ou, les contretemps (The Blunderer; or, The Mishaps), performed at Lyon in 1655, and Le Dpit amoureux (The Amorous Quarrel), performed at Bziers in 1656. A newspaper columnist reported in December 1918 that Henry Miller, just coming off of a flop, was looking for a new play to produce, adding that "Blanche Bates and Holbrook Blinn are in the same boat". [4] His influence is such that the French language is often referred to as the "language of Molire". 756757, in, This page was last edited on 9 February 2023, at 14:17. However, the troupe had acquired large debts, mostly for the rent of the theatre (a court for jeu de paume), for which they owed 2000 livres. [29] Since then, notable translations have been made by Richard Wilbur, Donald M. Frame, and many others. View all 241 artworks Court Mtrage Short Films Added: 21 Dec, 2020 RMN / Christophe Fouin WebKing Louis XIV was an absolute monarch and was responsible for restoring order in society. Stendhals description of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin as Molire, the great painter of man as he is is undoubtedly the most accurate. WebDuring these 12 years he polished his skills as actor, director, administrator, and playwright. He was awarded the title of Troupe de Monsieur (Monsieur being the honorific for the king's brother Philippe I, Duke of Orlans). After his imprisonment, he and Madeleine began a theatrical circuit of the provinces with a new theatre troupe; this life was to last about twelve years, during which he initially played in the company of Charles Dufresne, and subsequently created a company of his own, which had sufficient success and obtained the patronage of Philippe I, Duke of Orlans. WebLouis XIV invites Molire to share his supperan unfounded Romantic anecdote, illustrated in 1863 painting by Jean-Lon Grme In 1666, Le Misanthrope was produced. Molire was called "Le Nez" by his family from that time. While Louis watched his buildings going up, Colbert, who supervised the construction, obtained from him the means to carry out an economic revolution aimed at making France economically self-sufficient while maximizing exports. Musical Fountains Shows and Musical Gardens, Visit our Facebook page (opens in new tab), Visit our twitter page (opens in new tab), Visit our Instagram page (opens in new tab), Visit our Youtube page (opens in new tab), Visit our app-promotion page (opens in new tab), Research centre of the Palace of Versailles, National equestrian Academy of Versailles. After a period of refurbishment they opened there on 20 January 1661. Molire is considered the creator of modern French comedy. De Luzon a young courtier. Molire reached Paris in 1658 and performed in front of the King at the Louvre (then for rent as a theatre) in Corneille's tragedy Nicomde and in the farce Le Docteur Amoureux with some success. With some conjecture, Molire's play can be seen to allude to the love affairs of Louis XIV, then king of France. Landolt describes how Molieres comedy, Le Tartuffe, which portrays religious hypocrisy, involved him in troubles with devout persons at Court and with his patron, Louis XIV. DatesJanuary 15th, 1622 - February 17th, 1673, Residency at Versailles1663-1673Under the reignof Louis XIV, Versailles in his workThe Versailles ImpromptuThe Princess of ElidTartuffe (The Impostor)The Hypochondriac. 1556332. Le lien vers le site collection, Chteau de Versailles, Dist. Cronyn comments on the incident: "You may imagine how that made me feel. Charles Darnton, recalling Madame Sand, thought Moeller "very clever as a grave-digger". Two other comedies of the same year were the successful L'cole des maris (The School for Husbands) and Les Fcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comdie faite pour les divertissements du Roi (a comedy for the King's amusements) because it was performed during a series of parties that Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor of the sovereign. In June 1643, when Molire was 21, he decided to abandon his social class and pursue a career on the stage. It describes the story of an atheist who becomes a religious hypocrite and, for this, is punished by God. Under French law at the time, actors were not allowed to be buried in the sacred ground of a cemetery. Webpris des arts et des lettres, le souverain Louis XIV s'est montr protecteur de Molire dont l'uvre n'tait pas sans dplaire l'glise. The play sparked the protest called the "Quarrel of L'cole des femmes". His 1660 play Sganarelle, ou Le Cocu imaginaire (The Imaginary Cuckold) seems to be a tribute both to Commedia dell'arte and to his teacher. 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