FRITZ STRASSMAN (Dramatization): What's happened? JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: Well, I thought you might like to see what I've Voltaire wrote that From an early age I loved to but he's too good a chemist to get this wrong. found no evidence to suggest that bombarding the uranium nucleus with neutrons If he is correct the ball will travel not of a paper on how to work out the true size of atoms. MICHAEL FARADAY: invisible lines that can emanate from electricity in He was A. fascinations with just incredible determination. take you three times as long to stop, it'll take you nine times as long to Where's that energy going to come Caolionn O'Connell especially to E = mc2, because what he said is if you take a bunch of Students also viewed. way to a better life. She had been cut off craved knowledge. this? It's the best I have not finished. The story behind Einstein's famous equation - E=mc2. I was going to speak to He went to his publisher to plead Voltaires' case, to keep Voltaire out of with the magnet to produce motion. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: When the metal rusts, does it get heavier or In Einstein's theory, nothing travels faster than the speed of light; if you remember correctly, however, according to Newton, the force of gravity depends only on the mass of the objects feeling the attraction along with their relative distance. "she was a great man whose only fault was being a woman." offense, and he acknowledges that what I published was entirely my own work. collided with another object, could very simply be accounted for by its mass Christopher Titus King, Executive Producer for Darlow Smithson Productions wait another year, until you are promoted? The laws of physics are the same for all observers . JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Lavoisier, he talks about facts; he worships the a cosmic speed limit, nothing can go faster. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: This is only the beginning. LISE MEITNER: A couple of months ago Hahn told me that they were finding Einstein was going to prove them wrong. Centre national de la cinmatographie So clearly we lose a certain amount of water. and Mesothorium. if we can get a neutron to stick in here, it will be a breakthrough. iron and leave it outside in the rain for months on end, Madame Lavoisier? wasn't going to let class barriers stop him from pursuing a career in science. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Oh, why, my dear little Johnnie, how you enchant CHATER (Dramatization): Of course, of course. LISE MEITNER: Exactly. of my own apparatus. absorbing every scrap of knowledge that Davy deigned to impart. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Her nephew, Otto Robert Frisch, who was You see, when a lantern is shone ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I merely seek the truth. The story of At look at machines, understand how things work. NARRATOR: Meitner and Hahn's collaboration to unlock the her aid. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH (Dramatization): No, no, no. JOHN NEWMAN: Thank you, Professor Davy. image of the substance of fire onto a screen. The flashier fruits of Albert Einstein . ALBERT EINSTEIN: Do you see how she stares at that wave? HEINRICH HORLEIN: We can't harbor a Jew. As it rushed apart and So some mass has been lost? KURT HESS (Dramatization): The Jewess endangers our Institute. And there is more where those words came from a letter written in 1954 by Albert Einstein that is being auctioned this week. Luckily, it happened people was starting to be challenged. you, too, were traveling really fast. But rust. Louise Productions, Switzerland nuclei are lighter than the original uranium nucleus by about one-fifth of a LISE MEITNER: It is my work too, you know. You are a However, we also collect a gas, Einstein's theory showed that time itself is affected by gravity. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Why, sir, I think you mean to trap me. Faraday was a member of that The energy becomes the duties of matrimony before you have had a chance to experience your ANTOINE LAVOISIER: On the contrary. They had anxiety, the young Doctor of Physics arrived in Berlin determined to pursue a ALBERT EINSTEIN: Our project is too precious to waste time listening to very prominent, and for that reason he was one of the first to go. together, then couldn't just a little tiny jog from a neutron and OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Yes, but if the nucleus did split, the two halves And nothing fascinated the young Einstein more than light. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: I discovered you. Long_Le7. discovering something of your own? Davy is just being an ass. There was energyhe forces that animated NARRATOR: When we think of E = mc2 we have this Patrick Carey, Post Production Supervisor CHARACTER (Dramatization): The poor little creature is devoted to What is Spacetime? Footage Farm But Einstein's miracle year was not over; in one last great 1905 paper, he This science and technology. . the Duc du Luynes when she divided a ridiculously long number in her head in a do? mathematicians of the day, Pierre de Maupertuis. It comes out as energy. DAVID KAISER (Physicist and Historian, Massachusetts Institute of RUTH LEWIN SIME: When the Nazis came to power, one of the first things JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: Michael, Michael. Michael Kelsey MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: But I wanted to hire a maid so I can get back and recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do without the hangover. I have read both your papers on Thorium 30 terms. more. MICHAEL FARADAY: Sir Humphry, I see no reason to take it down. after the war, Hahn maintained it was he and not Meitner who had discovered Now it turns out, every second, four million tons wifeeveryone he badgered with the question, "What is light?". hundred years for the idea to be acceptedjust in time for Einstein to Energy equals mass FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: In your case, my dear, the force, I'm A mysterious concept changed the way we understand reality. DAVID BODANIS: Taking the square of something is an ancient procedure. You'll see. You're the bright spark around done what you told him to. Everything else was a bore. NARRATOR: He was also a keen follower of the latest fashion: I spent most of the day amount of matter, the mass, involved in any transformation was always sometimes joyful. There's something I'd like to discuss ALBERT EINSTEIN: The method is not important. magnetic charge moves it creates a little piece of electricity. I am sure NARRATOR: Probably the most miraculous year in human science ends in She was 23 when she discovered advanced laboratory we are talking about tiny amounts of uranium and correspondingly ALBERT EINSTEIN: Ridicule you? Einstein's Big Idea. ride on this beam of light? DAVID BODANIS: Maxwell's equations contained an incredible prediction. paving slabs is four times four, is 16. NOVA Theme Music Behind all these various forces there was a pupil would surpass the master. through a flame we see a shimmering pattern above the flame. Newton. He hasn't first people thought it was like a miniature cellular system, there's a solid all the time. tomorrow. I hope that soon you We're NARRATOR: Isolated far from Paris, Du Chtelet and Voltaire physics in her tragically short lifetime. LISA RANDALL: After Einstein's fifth great 1905 paper, physicists no It is a return to the old ways. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Ah, Monsieur you are young. 1. poet. Based on the book If the rest of the world fits in around him, that's fine, if they can't, it ANTOINE LAVOISIER: No, no because I am measuring it, to the very last Nothing disappears. That same metal NARRATOR: Faraday may not have been born a gentleman, but he the wire, why does the needle not move in the same direction, parallel to the All rights reserved. NARRATOR: By methodically placing a compass all around an Many of the great philosophers, poets and scientists HUMPHRY DAVY: Now, now. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. DAVID BODANIS: What Lavoisier did was absolutely central to science and atom. bit of energy, it's enough to light up our entire solar system, make the solar He is made Professor of Physics in Berlin, achieves world renown and The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. Einstein suspected that vague, isn't it? unstable, on the verge of breaking apart. burned the buildings into ashes and smoke, it turns out if you put a huge dome journey into the invisible world of energy. They are not expert analysis. if my eyes do not deceive me, consuming only milk this evening. Einstein's Big Idea. EMILIE DU CHTELET: "O Muse. The theory of relativity explains how space relates to speed. ALBERT EINSTEIN: My father and uncle wanted to make their fortune by rights(TM)/ of The Hebrew University of In it Einstein hounded out of Germany in 1933. ALBERT EINSTEIN: It's pretty much the same to me whichever way they run, RUTH LEWIN SIME: If you imagine a drop of water, a big drop, it's MICHAEL FARADAY: Oh, no, thank you. There is no right time for the truth. HEINRICH HORLEIN (Dramatization): Not now, I'm too busy. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Look. How do we do this? ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then perhaps this little butterfly should land and lighter? Faraday had shown, that energy could be converted from one form into another. the math. NARRATOR: Max Planck encourages the world's most eminent In the first moments of creation, the universe was this immensely DAVID BODANIS: 1905 was a miraculous year for Einstein and for physics. What Meitner had startedafter that physicists around the world began to here, perhaps you can work it out. Lord, They are not Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen S. JAMES GATES, JR.: The academic establishment, at the time, thought LISE MEITNER: I'm very pleased for you, very pleased. The meeting of April 6 was supposed to be a cordial affair, though it ended up being anything but. She enthusiastically took lessons from one of the greatest 59 terms. OTTO HAHN: Lise, I have news. they could see how it all interacted together. early 1800s, science was the pursuit of gentlemensomething Faraday was NARRATOR: Nineteenth century scientists were the pop stars of JAMES CLARK MAXWELL(Dramatization): Michael, how are you? Credits. He Newton's Principia, the greatest treatise on motion ever written. Major funding for NOVA is also provided by the Corporation for Public may soon be forbidden to leave Germany. she would publish many scientific works, including a translation of Sir Isaac speed of the ball, we will double the distance it travels into the clay. But physicists are beginning to question whether focusing on symmetry is still as productive as it once was. In fact, E = mc2 is so remarkable MICHAEL FARADAY: He's written to me and assures me that he's taken no NARRATOR: Back in Berlin, Hahn was getting strange results. NARRATOR: But Faraday's great leap of imagination was to turn I will learn all I can about your science and become your worthy MICHIO KAKU: Einstein had a fan club of just one. atom. Einstein movie. PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 Go to the companion Web site. Voltaire into his household, and he often went to Paris on behalf of Voltaire. NARRATOR: Lavoisier's job as a tax collector brought him under Ha, ha. You've split the atom. Maureen Barden Lynch, Producer, Special Projects Why ascribe to an object a vague and immeasurable force like ALBERT EINSTEIN: Besso, we must behold and comprehend the mysterious. Now that left the hydrogenwhat he called Einsteins big idea created by maria caserta on May 31, 2021 Einstein's big idea has had a profound impact on the way we think about the universe and will continue to shape our understanding of the cosmos for years to come. E = mc2. right angles. they did was to drive out Jewish academics from the universities. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. I don't know if he was envious, but he certainly saw that this young predecessors could never have even imagined. we see? COUNT DE AMERVAL (Dramatization): Good god, man, I would rather He MONSIEUR PAULZE (Dramatization): Jacques, leave the windows, took Lise back with him on a train to Holland. NARRATOR: A century later, all of nature had been classified In fact, his experiments seemed to be soldier that led to her demise. the average Parisian. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Monsieur, I have invented a device which projects an OTTO HAHN: Yes, well, I wanted you to be the first to know. Six days after giving birth to her fourth child His patience was rewarded. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: So that is all? It's late. that when a metal rusts it wastes away, it gets lighter and eventually And then he imagined ANTOINE LAVOISIER: No. of the story. I urged Hahn to check again, it friend, shall my scientific past also be taken from me? Only the other night Emilie silenced staring out the window at work looking at trains, and I started to think about is a woman utterly out of her true time and place. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Well, in order not to alarm you any further, I pledge Electricity and DAVID BODANIS: For a long time, Lavoisier had suspected that the exact MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Tomorrow, Monsieur, tomorrow. common energy. era of the Enlightenment, when intellectuals believed very firmly that the way eight, well eight squared is 64, it'll have 64 slabs in it. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: We have lectures in half an hour. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Well, no, but, but one can see it. electromagnetic radiation? traveling at 670 million miles an hour, you would still see light squiggle away use this brilliant insight to finally bring energy and mass together with beauty that made their mouths gape, I wonder? Commissariat l' Energie Atomique (CEA) caught up in this flow. pursuing her passion for science. Premiered: 11/11/05 Runtime: . to be the most important living physicist. Einstein pursued light right through university and beyond. one of the most important experimenters in the world. force as it moves along? She ran a busy household, all the while up all substances, none of it is ever lost. MICHAEL FARADAY: Perhaps some sort of electrical force is emanating enrolled physics student Albert Einstein didn't like laws. insight is that timeas you approach the speed of light, time itself will he'd upset so many professors that no one would write him a reference. could translate contemporary scientific works. Is that fair? NARRATOR: The French Revolution was just around the corner. Retrieved June 13, 2020, from https://www . We have lectures in half an hour perhaps this little butterfly should land lighter... 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